George Mason University
School of Information Technology and Engineering
Department of Computer Science

IT/CS 803 Doctoral Tutorial:
Mixed-Initiative Intelligent Systems

Meeting time: Monday 7:20pm – 10pm
Meeting location:
ST-II, Room 430A

Instructor: Dr. Gheorghe Tecuci, Professor of Computer Science
Office hours:
Monday, 6pm – 7pm
Office: ST-II, Rm. 421
Phone: 993-1722
E-mail: tecuci@gmu.edu

Course Description

Prerequisite: an introductory course in artificial intelligence.

Mixed-initiative intelligent systems integrate human and automated reasoning to take advantage of their complementary knowledge, reasoning styles and computational strengths. These systems may include several automated agents that exhibit mixed-initiative behavior when collaborating with one another.

In this course, the students will learn about the open research issues in the development of such systems, including:

· The task issue: the division of responsibility between the human and the agent(s) for the tasks that need to be performed.

· The control issue: the shift of initiative and control between the human and the agent(s), including proactive behavior.

· The awareness issue: the maintenance of a shared awareness with respect to the current state of the human and agent(s) involved.

· The communication issue: the protocols that facilitate the exchange of knowledge and information between the human and the agent(s), including mixed-initiative dialog and multi-modal interfaces.

· The evaluation issue: the human and automated agent(s) contribution to the emergent behavior of the system, and the overall system's performance (e.g., versus fully automated, fully manual, or alternative mixed-initiative approaches).

· The architecture issue: the design principles, methodologies and technologies for different types of mixed-initiative roles and behaviors.

These issues will be discussed in the context of current research on:

· Mixed-initiative development of intelligent systems
(e.g. knowledge engineering, knowledge acquisition, teaching and learning)

· Specific mixed-initiative intelligent systems
(e.g., planning systems, dialog systems, discovery systems, learning systems, design systems, tutoring systems)

· Mixed-initiative maintenance of intelligent systems
(including knowledge base refinement and optimization)

· Knowledge representation for mixed-initiative reasoning
(e.g., ontologies and other shared representations suitable for both human and agents)

This course is intended to help the students make progress with their own dissertation research. The students will study several state of the art papers in mixed-initiative reasoning, related to their own research interests. These papers will be analyzed from the point of view of the above research topics (i.e. task, control, awareness, communication, evaluation, and architecture), and will be presented to the class. All the students are expected to actively participate in discussing these research issues, collaborating in identifying theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for mixed-initiative systems, based on all the analyzed papers. The course will also include brainstorming discussions on applying these concepts to practical systems of interest to the students.

Lecture Notes

Mixed-Initiative Intelligent Systems: Overview

COLLAGEN: Mixed-Initiative Interaction with a Collaborative Agent

TRIPS Presentation

Mixed-Initiative Issues in MASMA Meeting Scheduler

GTrans: Mixed-Initiative Planning System

Schema-based Approach to Specifying Conversation Policies

CIRCSIM - Tutor

Mixed-Initiative Elements in Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Concepts, Issues, and Methodologies for Evaluating Mixed-initiative Intelligent Systems


Readings

Tecuci G., Aha D., Boicu M., Cox M., Ferguson G., and Tate A. (eds), Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Intelligent Systems, Acapulco, Mexico, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, August 2003. http://lalab.gmu.edu/miis/proceedings.html

Aha D. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the ECCBR Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Case-Based Reasoning, 24 June 2003, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
http://home.earthlink.net/~dwaha/research/meetings/iccbr03-micbrw/

Aha D. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the ECCBR Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Case-Based Reasoning, 4 September 2002, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
http://home.earthlink.net/~dwaha/research/meetings/eccbr02-micbrw/

Cox M. et al., (eds), Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Intelligence, July 18-19, Orlando, Florida, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA. 1999. http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/mii/

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, The Journal of Personalization Research, Vol. 8, no.3, 1998, and Vol. 9, no.1, 1999, special issues on mixed-initiative interaction, available in line at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868

 

Other papers on state of the art mixed-initiative reasoning systems

Masato Ishizaki

Exploring Mixed-Initiative Dialogue Using Computer Dialogue Simulation

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 9(1): 79-91; Apr 1999

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Eli Hagen

An Approach to Mixed Initiative Spoken Information Retrieval Dialogue

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 9(1): 167-213; Apr 1999

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

James C. Lester

Lifelike Pedagogical Agents for Mixed-initiative Problem Solving in Constructivist Learning Environments

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 9(1): 1-44; Apr 1999

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Amedeo Cesta

Mixed-Initiative Issues in an Agent-Based Meeting Scheduler

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 9(1): 45-78; Apr 1999

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Curry I. Guinn

An Analysis of Initiative Selection in Collaborative Task-Oriented Discourse

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 8(3): 255-314; Jan 1998

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Charles Rich

COLLAGEN: A Collaboration Manager for Software Interface Agents

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 8(3): 315-350; Jan 1998

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Robin Cohen

What is Initiative?

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 8(3): 171-214; Jan 1998

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Adelheit Stein  

User-Tailored Planning of Mixed Initiative Information-Seeking Dialogues

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 9(1): 133-166; Apr 1999

Search at: http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0924-1868 and download pdf file.

 

Naren Ramakrishnan, Robert Capra, Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones

Mixed-initiative interaction = mixed computation

http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=503042&jmp=abstract&dl=GUIDE&dl=ACM

 

http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/510000/503042/p119-ramakrishnan.pdf?key1=503042&key2=3525084701&coll=GUIDE&dl=ACM&CFID=15911232&CFTOKEN=54399433

 

Marti A. Hearst

Trends & Controversies: Mixed- initiative interaction. IEEE Intelligent Systems 14(5): 14-23 (1999). 1998

http://www.cs.duke.edu/~cig/papers/ieee.pdf

 

S. Perugini and N. Ramakrishnan. Personalizing Web Sites with Mixed-Initiative Interaction. IEEE IT Professional, Vol. 5(2), March-April 2003.

http://people.cs.vt.edu/~ramakris/papers/itpro.pdf

 

Eric Horvitz

Principles of Mixed-Initiative User Interfaces

In: Proceedings of CHI '99, ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Pittsburgh, PA, May 1999. ACM Press. pp 159-166.

http://research.microsoft.com/~horvitz/uiact.htm

 

David G. Novick and Stephen Sutton

What is Mixed-Initiative Interaction?

Published as Novick, D., and Sutton, S. (1997). What is mixed-initiative interaction?, Papers from the 1997 AAAI Spring Symposium on Computational Models for Mixed Initiative Interaction, Stanford University, March 24-26, 1997, Technical Report SS-97-04, AAAI Press.

http://www.cs.utep.edu/novick/papers/mi.aaai.html

 

Marc Rettig    Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas , TX  

Cooperative software

Communications of the ACM archive

Volume 36 ,   Issue 4   (April 1993)

Download from http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=153593&jmp=cit&dl=GUIDE&dl=ACM

 

Henry Kautz

AFRL/IISI Workshop on Mixed Initiative Decision Making, October 20-21, 2003 , Final Report

http://www.cis.cornell.edu/iisi/MIDM-workshop/final%20report/midm-report.htm

 

Gerhard Fischer

User Modeling in Human–Computer Interaction

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction

11 (1-2): 65-86, 2001

Copyright © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers

http://www.kluweronline.com/article.asp?PIPS=270657

 

George Ferguson, James Allen, and Brad Miller, TRAINS-95: Towards a Mixed-Initiative Planning Assistant Proc. Third Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS-96), Edinburgh , Scotland , 29-31 May, 1996, 70-77.

http://www.cs.rochester.edu/users/faculty/james/

 

George Ferguson and James F. Allen, TRIPS: An Integrated Intelligent Problem-Solving Assistant, Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on AI (AAAI-98), Madison, WI, 26--30 July, 1998.

http://www.cs.rochester.edu/users/faculty/james/

 

Allen, J., Byron, D., Dzikovska, M., Ferguson , G., Galescu, L. and Stent, A., Towards a Generic Dialogue Shell, Natural Language Engineering,6(3) 2000. pp1-16

http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/james/NLE2000.pdf

 

James Allen, Donna Byron, Myroslava Dzikovska, George Ferguson, Lucian Galescu, and Amanda Stent, "Towards Conversational Human-Computer Interaction," AI Magazine, 2001.

http://www.cs.rochester.edu/research/cisd/pubs/2001/allen-et-al-aimag2001.pdf

 

James Allen, George Ferguson, and Amanda Stent, "An architecture for more realistic conversational systems," in Proceedings of Intelligent User Interfaces 2001 (IUI-01), pages 1-8, Santa Fe , NM , January 14-17, 2001 .

http://www.cs.rochester.edu/research/cisd/pubs/2001/allen-ferguson-stent-iui2001.pdf

 

M Burstein and D McDermott.

Issues in the development of human-computer mixed-initiative planning.

In Gorayska and Mey, editors, In Search of a Humane Interface, pages 285-303. North Holland , 1986.

 

Sandra Carberry.

Discourse initiative: Its role in intelligent tutoring systems.

In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Computational Models of Mixed Initiative Interaction, pages 10-15, Stanford, 1997.

 

Allison Cawsey.

Explanation and Interaction.

The MIT Press, 1993.

 

Reva Freedman.

Degrees of mixed-initiative interaction in an intelligent tutoring system.

In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Computational Models of Mixed Initiative Interaction, pages 44-49, Stanford, 1997.

 

Curry Guinn.

Mechanisms for mixed-initiative human-computer collaborative discourse.

In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 278-285, 1996.

 

Susan W. McRoy.

Achieving Robust Human-Computer Communication.

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 48, 1998.

 

C. Rich and C Sidner.

Adding a collaborative agent to graphical user interfaces.

In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 21-30, Seattle , WA , 1996.

 

C. Rich and C Sidner.

Segmented interaction history in a collaborative interface agent.

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pages 23-30, Orlando , FL , 1997.

 

F. Shah and M. Evens.

Student initiatives and tutor responses in a medical tutoring system.

In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Computational Models of Mixed Initiative Interaction, pages 138-144, Stanford, 1997.

 

Loren G. Terveen.

Overview of human-computer collaboration.

Knowledge Based Systems (Special Issue on Human-Computer Collaboration), 8(2-3):67-81, 1995.

 

David R. Traum, Lenhart K. Schubert, Massimo Poesio, Nathaniel G. Martin, Marc N. Light, Chung Hee Hwang, Peter A. Heeman, George M. Ferguson, and James F. Allen.

Knowledge representation in the trains-93 conversation system.

International Journal of Expert Systems, 9(1):173-223, 1996.

 

M. Veloso.

Towards mixed-initiative rationale supported planning.

In A. Tate, editor, Advanced Planning Technology, pages 277-282. AAAI Press, 1996.

 

M. Walker and S. Whittaker.

Mixed initiative in dialogue: An investigation into discourse segmentation.

In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 70-78, 1990.

 

Papers added January 29th, 2004

B.R. Odgers, J. W. Shepherdson and S.G. Thompson Distributed Workflow Co-ordination by Proactive Software Agents, http://more.btexact.com/projects/ibsr/papers/ijcai_99.pdf

Ingo J. Timm and Peer-Oliver Woelk, Ontology-based Capability Management for Distributed Problem in Manufacturing Domain, May 2003, in Schillo, M. et al., (Rds.): Multiagent System Technologies - Proc. of the First German Conference, MATES 2003, Erfurt, Germany, September 2003, LNAI 2831, Springer: Berlin, pp. 168-179. http://www.tzi.de/~inti/paper/2003/mates03_paper.pdf

Tecuci G., Boicu M., Wright K. and Lee S.W., "Mixed-Initiative Development of Knowledge Bases", in Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Intelligence, July 18-19, Orlando, Florida, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA. 1999. http://lalab.gmu.edu/publications/data/MIDKB-sent1999.pdf

Papers added February 5th, 2004 (Dorin Marcu)

Jacob Eisenstein and Charles Rich, “Agents and GUIs from Task Models”, in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces – IUI’02, January 13-16, 2002, San Francisco, ACM Press, pp 47-54. Search at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm and download PDF file (from GMU computer).

Andrew Garland, Kathy Ryall and Charles Rich, “Learning Hierarchical Task Models by Defining and Refining Examples”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Capture – K-CAP’01, October 22-23, 2001, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, ACM Press, pp 44-51. Search at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm and download PDF file (from GMU computer).

Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner, “COLLAGEN: When Agents Collaborate with People”, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, February 1997, Marina Del Rey, California, ACM Press, pp 284-291. Search at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm and download PDF file (from GMU computer).

Charles Rich, Neal Lesh, Jeff Rickel and Andrew Garland, “A Plug-in Architecture for Generating Collaborative Agent Responses”, in Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems – AAMAS’02, July 15-19, 2002, Bologna, Italy, ACM Press, pp 782-789. Search at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm and download PDF file (from GMU computer).

Charles Rich, “Window Sharing with Collaborative Interface Agents”, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, Volume 28 Issue 1, January 1996, ACM Press, pp 70-78. Search at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm and download PDF file (from GMU computer).

Jim R. Davies, Abigail S. Gertner, Neal Lesh, Charles Rich, Candace L. Sidner and Jeff Rickel, “Incorporating Tutorial Strategies Into an Intelligent Assistant”, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces – IUI’01, January 14-17, 2001, Santa Fe, New Mexico, ACM Press, pp 53-56. Search at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm and download PDF file (from GMU computer).

Papers added February 16 (Ping Shyr)

Marilyn Walker, Donald Hindle, Jeanne Fromer, Giuseppe Di Fabbrizio, Craig Mestel
Evaluating Competing Agent Strategies For A Voice Email Agent
Proc. Eurospeech '97
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/17170.html

Marilyn A. Walker, Diane J. Litman, Candace A. Kamm, Alicia Abella
Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents with PARADISE : Two Case Studies (1998) http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/584579.html

Marilyn A. Walker, Diane J. Litman, Candace A. Kamm, Alicia Abella
PARADISE
: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents (1997)
Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/192518.html

Marilyn A. Walker, Diane J. Litman, Candace A. Kamm and Aiicia Abeila
Evaluating Interactive Dialogue Systems: Extending Component Evaluation to Integrated System Evaluation
Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging Speech and NLP Together in Real A...
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/552783.html

John Collins, Maksim Tsvetovat, Corey Bilot, Rashmi Sundareswara, Tim Lee, Maria Gini, Bamshad Mobasher A Framework For Mixed Initiative Agent-Based Contracting (1999)
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/collins99framework.html

John Collins, Maksim Tsvetovat, Rashmi Sundareswara, Joshua van Tonder, Maria Gini
Evaluating Risk: Flexibility and Feasibility in Multi-Agent Contracting (1999)
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents'99)

John Collins, Corey Bilot, Maria Gini, Bamshad Mobasher
Mixed-Initiative Decision Support in Agent-Based Automated Contracting (2000)
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/collins00mixedinitiative.html

John Collins, Rashmi Sundareswara, Maria Gini, Barnshad Mobasher
Bid Selection Strategies for Multi-Agent Contracting in the presence of SchedulingConstraints (2000)
Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce (IJCAI Workshop)
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/collins00bid.html

John Collins, Wolfgang Ketter, Maria Gini
A Multi-Agent Negotiation Testbed for Contracting Tasks with Temporal andPrecedence Constraints (2002)
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/collins02multiagent.html

Daniela D'Aloisi, Amedeo Cesta, Rodolfo Brancaleoni
Mixed-Initiative Aspects in an Agent-Based System (1997)
Daniela D'Aloisi, Amedeo Cesta, Rodolfo Brancaleoni
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/141061.html

Thomas C. Hartrum, Scott A. DeLoach
Design Issues for Mixed-Initiative Agent Systems (1999)
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/186486.html

Scott A. DeLoach
Multiagent Systems Engineering: A Methodology And Language for Designing Agent Systems (1999), Workshop Notes of Agent Oriented Information Systems (AOIS ’99), Seattle , WA , 1999
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/deloach99multiagent.html

Steve G. Woods and Mario R. Barbacci
Architectural Evaluation of Collaborative Agent-Based Systems (October 1999, TECHNICAL REPORT CMU/SEI-99-TR-025)
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/99.reports/99tr025/99tr025abstract.html

G.I. Webb, W. Jason, and Z. Zheng
An Experimental Evaluation of Integrating Machine Learning with Knowledge Acquisition
Machine Learning, vol. 35, 1999, 5-23.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/webb96experimental.html

G.I. Webb and W. Jason
Experimental evaluation of integrating machine learning with knowledge acquisition through direct interaction with domain experts
Proc. Pacific Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, Sydney , Australia , 1996, 170-189.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/9634.html

N. R. Shadbolt, K. O'Hara, L. Crow
The Experimental Evaluation of Knowledge Acquisition Techniques and Methods: History, Problems and New Directions
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51, 4, 729-755, 1999

Ping Shyr, Gheorghe Tecuci, Mihai Boicu
Evaluation of Mixed-initiative Knowledge Base Development Methods and Tools
IJCAI-01 Workshop on Empirical Methods in Artificial Intelligence
http://www.intellektik.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/~tom/IJCAI01/ShyrTecuciBoicu.pdf

Papers added February 16 (Cristina Boicu)

Mixed-Initiative Planning and Scheduling

Mark Burstein, George Ferguson and James Allen. Integrating Agent-based Mixed-initiative Control with an Existing Multi-agent Planning System. In the Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Multi-agent Systems (ICMAS), July 2000.

Mark Burstein and Drew McDermott. Issues in the Development of Human-Computer Mixed-Initiative Planning. Cognitive Technology, B. Gorayska and J.L. Mey (eds.), Elsevier, Jan, 1996, pp. 285-303.

More MI publications by Mark Burstein are available at:   http://openmap.bbn.com/~burstein/pubs.htm#mia

S. F. Smith, O. Lassila, and M. Becker. Configurable, Mixed-Initiative Systems for Planning and Scheduling. In Advanced Planning Technology, A. Tate, Ed.: AAAI Press, 1996.

Mixed-Initiative Resource Management and Allocation

Marcel A. Becker and Stephen F. Smith.. Mixed-Initiative Resource Management: The AMC Barrel Allocator. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling (AIPS-2000), Breckenridge, CO, April 2000.

Laurence A. Kramer and Stephen F. Smith. Optimizing for Change: Mixed-Initiative Resource Allocation with the AMC Barrel Allocator. 2000.

A. Aragones, J. Price, A. Crapo, N. Roddy and A. Varma. Mixed-Initiative Interaction for Maintenance Support. 2003. Presented at ICCBR 2003, Mixed Initiative Workshop, Trondheim , Norway , June 23 to 26, 2003 .

Mixed-Initiative Agent-Based Contracting

J. Collins, M. Tsvetovat, C. Bilot, R. Sundareswara, T. Lee, M. Gini, and B. Mobasher. A framework for mixed initiative agent-based contracting. In First IAC Workshop on Internet Based Negotiation Technologies, March 1999.

Papers added February 16 (Emilia Butu)

Naval Research Lab - Why2000 tutoring systems, and others: http://www.autotutor.org/what/onr.htm

Mixed-initiative components in tutoring systems:
http://www.csam.iit.edu/~circsim/documents/rfmis97.pdf

Ms Lindquist Tutor:
http://n! th.wpi.edu/pubs_and_grants/my_papers/heffernan-final-draft.doc

ATLAS Project:
http://www.pitt.edu/~circle/Projects/Atlas.html

Papers added February 23 (Vu Le)

Cox, M. T. (in press). Planning as mixed-initiative goal manipulation . To appear in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Intelligent Systems at the 18th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Menlo Park , CA : AAAI Press. http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/Ftp/cox-ijcai03.pdf

Michael T. Cox, Thomas Hartrum, Scott DeLoach,1 and S. Narayanan. Agent-Based Mixed-Initiative Collaboration: The ABMIC project final report. Wright State University Technical Report WSU-CS-02-01, July 2002. http://www.cis.ksu.edu/~sdeloach/ai/publications/ABMIC-final.report2.pdf

Cox, M. T., & Veloso, M. M. (1997a). Controlling for unexpected goals when planning in a mixed-initiative setting . In E. Costa & A. Cardoso (Eds.), Progress in Artificial Intelligence: Eighth Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 309-318). Berlin : Springer. http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/prodigy/Web/Mixed-init/Papers/m-init3.html

Cox, M. T., & Veloso, M. M. (1997b). Supporting combined human and machine planning: An interface for planning by analogical reasoning. In D. B. Leake & E. Plaza (Eds.), Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development: Second International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (pp. 531-540). Berlin : Springer-Verlag. http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/prodigy/Web/Mixed-init/Papers/ui.ps.gz

Cox, M. T., & Veloso, M. M. (1997c). Supporting combined human and machine planning: The Prodigy 4.0 User Interface Version 2.0 (Tech, Rep. No. CMU-CS-97-174). Pittsburgh : Carnegie Mellon University , Computer Science Department.
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/prodigy/Web/Mixed-init/Papers/ui-tech-rep.ps.gz

Cox, M. T., & Veloso, M. M. (in press). Goal Transformations in Continuous Planning. In M. desJardins (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1998 AAAI Fall Symposium on Distributed Continual Planning. Menlo Park , CA : AAAI Press / The MIT Press. http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/prodigy/Web/Mixed-init/Papers/goal-trans.ps.gz

Cox, M. T., Edwin, G., Balasubramanian, K., & Elahi, M. (2001). Multiagent goal transformation and mixed-initiative planning using Prodigy/Agent. To appear in Proceedings of the 5th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2001).
http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/Papers/cox-edwin-balas-elahi.ps

Cox, M., Kerkez, B., Srinivas, C., Edwin, G., Archer, W. (2000). Toward Agent-Based Mixed-Initiative Interfaces.In H. R. Arabnia (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence , Vol. 1
http://www.cs.wright.edu/people/faculty/mcox/ic-ai/abmii-camera-ready.pdf

Immaneni, T., & Cox, M. T. (2004). GTrans: An application for mixed-initiative collaborative planning during emergency response situations.  In W. W. Smari & W. McQuay (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS 04), (pp. 121-126). San Diego : Society of Modeling and Simulation International.
http://www.cs.wright.edu/people/faculty/mcox/Papers/immaneni-cox-04.pdf

Veloso, M. M., Mulvehill, A. M., & Cox, M. T. (1997). Rationale-supported mixed-initiative case-based planning. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Ninth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference (pp. 1072-1077). Menlo Park , CA : AAAI Press / The MIT Press.
http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/Ftp/veloso-mulvehill-cox.ps

Zhang, C., Cox, M. T., & Immaneni, T. (2002). GTrans version 2.1 User manual and reference (Tech. Rep. No. WSU-CS-02-02). Dayton , OH : Wright State University , Departmentof Computer Science and Engineering.
http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/Gtrans/Tech-Rep-WSU-CS-02-02.pdf

Cox, M. T. (2001). Toward tailored information presentation in support of collaborative planning.In B. Bell  & E. Santos (Eds.), Intent Inference for Collaborative Tasks: Papers from the 2001 fall symposium (pp. 44-50). AAAI Technical Report FS-01-05.Menlo Park, CA :AAAI Press.
http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/Ftp/mcox01.pdf

Cox ,M.T.(2000).A conflict of metaphors :Modeling the planning process.In Proceedings of 2000 Summer Computer Simulation Conference
(pp. 666-671) .San Diego :The Society for Computer Simulation International.
http://www.cs.wright.edu/people/faculty/mcox/Ftp/metapho-camera-ready.pdf

Finin, T., McKay, D., & Fritzson, R. (1992). An Overview of KQML: A Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language. Computer Science Department, University of Maryland .
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/chalupsky92overview.html

Zhang, C. (2002), Cognitive Models For Mixed-Initiative Planning. Master’s thesis. Wright State University , Dayton , OH
http://www.cs.wright.edu/~mcox/GTrans/zhang2002.pdf

Papers added February 23 (Erkin Olmez)

Douglas Walton (2000)
The Place of Dialogue Theory in Logic, Computer Science and Communication Studies
International Journal for Epistemology, Logic and Philosophy of Science, Vol. 123. pp. 327-346
http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/~walton/00placedial.pdf

Grice, J. Paul (1975)
Logic and conversation
In Syntax and Semantics, (eds.) Cole, P. and Morgan J.L., Vol. 3, Speech Acts, pp.41-58, New York, Academic Press.
(Reprinted in Grice, P. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989)

Nicholas Asher (1999)
Discourse Structure and the Logic of Conversation
In K. Turner (ed) The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface from Different Points of View. Dordrecht: Elsevier
http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/philosophy/faculty/asher/papers.htm

Chris Reed (1998)
Dialogue Frames in Agent Communication
In Y Demazeau (ed.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, IEEE Press, pp. 246-253.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/reed98dialogue.html

Curry I. Guinn (1993)
A Computational Model of Dialogue Initiative in Collaborative Discourse
in Human-Computer Collaboration: Reconciling Theory, Synthesizing Practice, Technical Report FS-93-05, The AAAI Press. http://www.cs.duke.edu/~cig/papers/guinn93computational.pdf

Lin, F., Norrie, D.H., Shen, W., and Kremer R. (1999)
Schema-based Approach to Specifying Conversation Policies.
Autonomous Agents '99 Workshop on Specifying and Implementing Coversation Policies, Seattle, WA. pp. 71-77. http://sern.ucalgary.ca/ISG/publications/

Papers added March 15 (Erkin Olmez)

Bradshaw, J. M., Dutfield, S., Benoit, P. & Woolley, J.D. (1997) 
KAoS: Toward an industrial-strength open agent architecture
In J.M. Bradshaw (Ed.) Software Agents.
AAAI/MIT Press, pp.375-418. 
http://www.ihmc.us/research/projects/KAoS/17-Bradshaw.pdf
Jensen, K. (1992) 
Colored Petri Nets: Basic Concepts, Analysis Methods and Practical Use Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, New York.